web3: Foreign media: The probability of the CLARITY bill passing has dropped to 10%
Cryptonews
08-18 17:23
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Foreign media reports that the U.S. CLARITY Act bill has encountered obstacles in the Senate, with the chances of passage dropping to 10%. The controversy focuses on the returns of stablecoins, the nature of DeFi, and potential conflicts of interest between Trump and the crypto industry.
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外媒称,原本被视为最有希望落地的美国加密市场结构法案,如今在参议院明显降温。预测市场 Polymarket 今年 2 月一度给出 82% 的通过概率,到 8 月中旬已跌破 20%;Galaxy Digital 也在 8 月 14 日把预期下调至 10%。

参议院已在 8 月 6 日确认,不会在 8 月 7 日休会前表决这份长达 309 页的法案。议程被推迟到 9 月 14 日复会后,而中期选举前可用于处理法案的工作日已所剩不多。文章认为,法案并非缺少支持,而是被三组难以调和的利益诉求卡住。

三项分歧拖慢推进

第一项争议是稳定币收益。现行草案禁止对闲置稳定币余额直接支付利息或收益,但允许通过流动性池、借贷协议等 DeFi 机制获得回报。文章指出,这一划分直接影响中心化平台是否还能向用户支付稳定币持有收益。

Coinbase 被认为是受影响最大的公司之一。文中称,该平台每年约有 13.5 亿美元收入来自 USDC 奖励计划。如果草案维持现状,这部分模式将受到限制。Coinbase 希望修改条款,理由是同样是稳定币收益,若只允许经由 DeFi 获得,反而会把活动推向监管更弱的协议。

但银行业游说团体希望禁令保留。传统银行认为,稳定币收益本质上接近存款产品,却不受存款保险、资本要求和 FDIC 监管约束。如果交易平台可以支付收益,而银行仍需遵守更严格的资本规则,竞争将明显失衡。

DeFi 定性仍无共识

第二项争议是 DeFi 协议和代币应如何定性。CLARITY Act 试图划定一条边界:当区块链网络足够去中心化时,代币不再被视为证券,而转为商品监管。草案提出的判断标准包括治理代币分布、是否存在控制实体,以及协议升级是否需要社区共识。

民主党方面认为,这套标准过于宽松。文章提到,参议员 Sherrod Brown 团队曾在 5 月流传一份备忘录,称按草案标准,FTX 的 FTT 代币在上线 18 个月后也可能被归为商品。虽然法案支持者反驳了这一说法,但争论焦点已被放大:如果标准可能为 FTT 这类案例留下空间,法案就很难获得更多政治支持。

特朗普相关条款成政治障碍

第三项争议来自伦理条款,而且政治敏感度最高。文章称,特朗普 2025 年财务披露显示,其与加密相关收入约为 14 亿美元,其中包括 World Liberty Financial 和 TRUMP meme 币带来的收入。民主党因此要求,对高级官员设置更严格的剥离持仓或盲目信托要求,作为支持法案程序性推进的条件。

现有草案只禁止联邦官员发行数字资产,但没有要求处置既有持仓。民主党认为这远远不够,因为法案一旦提供更清晰的监管环境,相关持有人可能直接受益,而总统本人正处在这一争议中心。

文章还提到,美国货币监理署在 8 月 14 日向 World Liberty Financial 发放有条件的全国性信托银行牌照,允许其直接发行稳定币。这一时间点进一步加重了民主党反对情绪。共和党则认为,伦理问题应单独立法处理,不应与市场结构法案捆绑。

9月窗口期十分有限

即便三项分歧短期内都能缓和,参议院日程也不宽松。参议院将在 9 月 14 日复会,相关程序动议在 9 月 15 日进入下一阶段。若程序表决通过,后续仍需经历院会辩论、修正案处理和最终表决。

文章指出,在中期选举临近的背景下,参议院到 10 月中旬前的有效立法时间大约只剩两周左右。共和党虽然在参议院拥有 53 席,但预计至少会失去两张共和党票,这意味着还需要至少 8 名民主党议员倒戈,而此前委员会表决中只有 2 名民主党人支持。

文章认为,如果 CLARITY Act 最终在 2026 年失利,监管空缺很可能继续由美国证监会和商品期货交易委员会通过各自规则填补。文中提到,美国证监会正在推进一揽子“Regulation Crypto”规则,内容包括代币发行豁免、去中心化安全港和经纪交易商托管安排。

补充信息:文中提到的通过概率变化,来自 Polymarket 预测市场与 Galaxy Digital 的研究判断,并非参议院正式投票结果。

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